The basic commands are:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop |
although after the install, I found it was already running. Another useful command to get basic information is /usr/sbin/apache2 (run with sudo), for example:
telliott@U32:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2 -l Compiled in modules: core.c mod_log_config.c mod_logio.c worker.c http_core.c mod_so.c telliott@U32:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/apache2 -v Server version: Apache/2.2.20 (Ubuntu) Server built: Feb 14 2012 17:55:17 |
Files for apache are scattered in various places, governed partly by Unix tradition. For the moment, to see pages from Ubuntu using Firefox, we don't need to change anything about the configuration. Just point Firefox at "localhost":
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localhost
Or, do sudo apt-get install curl and then:
telliott@U32:~$ curl localhost <html><body><h1>It works!</h1> <p>This is the default web page for this server.</p> <p>The web server software is running but no content has been added, yet.</p> </body></html> |
This page comes from the "document root" directory, which is /var/www. Since we didn't specify a filename, we got index.html
telliott@U32:~$ cat /var/www/index.html <html><body><h1>It works!</h1> <p>This is the default web page for this server.</p> <p>The web server software is running but no content has been added, yet.</p> </body></html> |
This directory is set in /etc/apache2/sites-available. Another useful directory is the default directory (or directories) for scripts, also set in the same file as:
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> |
So, let's write a script. The example in the docs uses PHP, but we're Python folks. We improve our Unix foo by doing:
cd Desktop
cat > test.py
and then pasting this text after, followed by CTL-D:
#!/usr/bin/python
import os
s = '''Content-type: text/html
<head></head>'''
print s
D = os.environ
for k in D:
print '<p>', k, D[k], '</p>'
print '</body></html>' |
Now, make the script executable, and copy it to /usr/lib/cgi-bin:
telliott@U32:~/Desktop$ sudo cp test.py /usr/lib/cgi-bin/test.py
telliott@U32:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo chmod 755 test.py
And paste this into Firefox:
http://localhost/cgi-bin/test.py
We obtain:
SERVER_SOFTWARE Apache/2.2.20 (Ubuntu) SCRIPT_NAME /cgi-bin/test.py SERVER_SIGNATURE Apache/2.2.20 (Ubuntu) Server at localhost Port 80 REQUEST_METHOD GET SERVER_PROTOCOL HTTP/1.1 QUERY_STRING PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin HTTP_USER_AGENT Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0 HTTP_CONNECTION keep-alive SERVER_NAME localhost REMOTE_ADDR 127.0.0.1 SERVER_PORT 80 SERVER_ADDR 127.0.0.1 DOCUMENT_ROOT /var/www SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/cgi-bin/test.py SERVER_ADMIN webmaster@localhost HTTP_HOST localhost HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL max-age=0 REQUEST_URI /cgi-bin/test.py HTTP_ACCEPT text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1 REMOTE_PORT 58815 HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE en-us,en;q=0.5 HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING gzip, deflate |
